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| Wednesday, 15 August 2007 |
| Electronics as science |
Chapter 1:INTRODUCTION
Electronics as science
Electronics is a science, and a very accessible science at that. With other areas of scientific study, expensive equipment is generally required to perform any non-trivial experiments. Not so with electronics. Many advanced concepts may be explored using parts and equipment totaling under a few hundred US dollars. This is good, because hands-on experimentation is vital to gaining scientific knowledge about any subject.
When I starting writing Lessons In Electric Circuits, my intent was to create a textbook suitable for introductory college use. However, being mostly self-taught in electronics myself, I knew the value of a good textbook to hobbyists and experimenters not enrolled in any formal electronics course. Many people selflessly volunteered their time and expertise in helping me learn electronics when I was younger, and my intent is to honor their service and love by giving back to the world what they gave to me.
In order for someone to teach themselves a science such as electronics, they must engage in hands-on experimentation. Knowledge gleaned from books alone has limited use, especially in scientific endeavors. If my contribution to society is to be complete, I must include a guide to experimentation along with the text(s) on theory, so that the individual learning on their own has a resource to guide their experimental adventures.
A formal laboratory course for college electronics study requires an enormous amount of work to prepare, and usually must be based around specific parts and equipment so that the experiments will be sufficient detailed, with results sufficiently precise to allow for rigorous comparison between experimental and theoretical data. A process of assessment, articulated through a qualified instructor, is also vital to guarantee that a certain level of learning has taken place. Peer review (comparison of experimental results with the work of others) is another important component of college-level laboratory study, and helps to improve the quality of learning. Since I cannot meet these criteria through the medium of a book, it is impractical for me to present a complete laboratory course here. In the interest of keeping this experiment guide reasonably low-cost for people to follow, and practical for deployment over the internet, I am forced to design the experiments at a lower level than what would be expected for a college lab course.
The experiments in this volume begin at a level appropriate for someone with no electronics knowledge, and progress to higher levels. They stress qualitative knowledge over quantitative knowledge, although they could serve as templates for more rigorous coursework. If there is any portion of Lessons In Electric Circuits that will remain "incomplete," it is this one: I fully intend to continue adding experiments ad infinitum so as to provide the experimenter or hobbyist with a wealth of ideas to explore the science of electronics. This volume of the book series is also the easiest to contribute to, for those who would like to help me in providing free information to people learning electronics. It doesn't take a tremendous effort to describe an experiment or two, and I will gladly include it if you email it to me, giving you full credit for the work. Refer to Appendix 2 for details on contributing to this book.
When performing these experiments, feel free to explore by trying different circuit construction and measurement techniques. If something isn't working as the text describes it should, don't give up! It's probably due to a simple problem in construction (loose wire, wrong component value) or test equipment setup. It can be frustrating working through these problems on your own, but the knowledge gained by "troubleshooting" a circuit yourself is at least as important as the knowledge gained by a properly functioning experiment. This is one of the most important reasons why experimentation is so vital to your scientific education: the real problems you will invariably encounter in experimentation challenge you to develop practical problem-solving skills.
In many of these experiments, I offer part numbers for Radio Shack brand components. This is not an endorsement of Radio Shack, but simply a convenient reference to an electronic supply company well-known in North America. Often times, components of better quality and lower price may be obtained through mail-order companies and other, lesser-known supply houses. I strongly recommend that experimenters obtain some of the more expensive components such as transformers (see the AC chapter) by salvaging them from discarded electrical appliances, both for economic and ecological reasons.
All experiments shown in this book are designed with safety in mind. It is nearly impossible to shock or otherwise hurt yourself by battery-powered experiments or other circuits of low voltage. However, hazards do exist building anything with your own two hands. Where there is a greater-than-normal level of danger in an experiment, I take efforts to direct the reader's attention toward it. However, it is unfortunately necessary in this litigious society to disclaim any and all liability for the outcome of any experiment presented here. Neither myself nor any contributors bear responsibility for injuries resulting from the construction or use of any of these projects, from the mis-handling of electricity by the experimenter, or from any other unsafe practices leading to injury. Perform these experiments at your own risk! |
posted by The Key For Succes @ 9:40 am   |
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| Electronics as science |
Chapter 1:INTRODUCTION
Electronics as science
Electronics is a science, and a very accessible science at that. With other areas of scientific study, expensive equipment is generally required to perform any non-trivial experiments. Not so with electronics. Many advanced concepts may be explored using parts and equipment totaling under a few hundred US dollars. This is good, because hands-on experimentation is vital to gaining scientific knowledge about any subject.
When I starting writing Lessons In Electric Circuits, my intent was to create a textbook suitable for introductory college use. However, being mostly self-taught in electronics myself, I knew the value of a good textbook to hobbyists and experimenters not enrolled in any formal electronics course. Many people selflessly volunteered their time and expertise in helping me learn electronics when I was younger, and my intent is to honor their service and love by giving back to the world what they gave to me.
In order for someone to teach themselves a science such as electronics, they must engage in hands-on experimentation. Knowledge gleaned from books alone has limited use, especially in scientific endeavors. If my contribution to society is to be complete, I must include a guide to experimentation along with the text(s) on theory, so that the individual learning on their own has a resource to guide their experimental adventures.
A formal laboratory course for college electronics study requires an enormous amount of work to prepare, and usually must be based around specific parts and equipment so that the experiments will be sufficient detailed, with results sufficiently precise to allow for rigorous comparison between experimental and theoretical data. A process of assessment, articulated through a qualified instructor, is also vital to guarantee that a certain level of learning has taken place. Peer review (comparison of experimental results with the work of others) is another important component of college-level laboratory study, and helps to improve the quality of learning. Since I cannot meet these criteria through the medium of a book, it is impractical for me to present a complete laboratory course here. In the interest of keeping this experiment guide reasonably low-cost for people to follow, and practical for deployment over the internet, I am forced to design the experiments at a lower level than what would be expected for a college lab course.
The experiments in this volume begin at a level appropriate for someone with no electronics knowledge, and progress to higher levels. They stress qualitative knowledge over quantitative knowledge, although they could serve as templates for more rigorous coursework. If there is any portion of Lessons In Electric Circuits that will remain "incomplete," it is this one: I fully intend to continue adding experiments ad infinitum so as to provide the experimenter or hobbyist with a wealth of ideas to explore the science of electronics. This volume of the book series is also the easiest to contribute to, for those who would like to help me in providing free information to people learning electronics. It doesn't take a tremendous effort to describe an experiment or two, and I will gladly include it if you email it to me, giving you full credit for the work. Refer to Appendix 2 for details on contributing to this book.
When performing these experiments, feel free to explore by trying different circuit construction and measurement techniques. If something isn't working as the text describes it should, don't give up! It's probably due to a simple problem in construction (loose wire, wrong component value) or test equipment setup. It can be frustrating working through these problems on your own, but the knowledge gained by "troubleshooting" a circuit yourself is at least as important as the knowledge gained by a properly functioning experiment. This is one of the most important reasons why experimentation is so vital to your scientific education: the real problems you will invariably encounter in experimentation challenge you to develop practical problem-solving skills.
In many of these experiments, I offer part numbers for Radio Shack brand components. This is not an endorsement of Radio Shack, but simply a convenient reference to an electronic supply company well-known in North America. Often times, components of better quality and lower price may be obtained through mail-order companies and other, lesser-known supply houses. I strongly recommend that experimenters obtain some of the more expensive components such as transformers (see the AC chapter) by salvaging them from discarded electrical appliances, both for economic and ecological reasons.
All experiments shown in this book are designed with safety in mind. It is nearly impossible to shock or otherwise hurt yourself by battery-powered experiments or other circuits of low voltage. However, hazards do exist building anything with your own two hands. Where there is a greater-than-normal level of danger in an experiment, I take efforts to direct the reader's attention toward it. However, it is unfortunately necessary in this litigious society to disclaim any and all liability for the outcome of any experiment presented here. Neither myself nor any contributors bear responsibility for injuries resulting from the construction or use of any of these projects, from the mis-handling of electricity by the experimenter, or from any other unsafe practices leading to injury. Perform these experiments at your own risk! |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 9:35 am |
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| Sunday, 29 July 2007 |
| A Few Defination in ENGINEERING |
Something for all you Engineers out there!! Sure it'll strike a familiar chord:
Engineering College : Place where you're punished for getting good HSC marks.
Senior : Guys who got ragged as juniors and want to get some payback...
Fresher : Guy who has to ask where the canteen is...
Really Dumb Fresher : Guy who asks a senior where the canteen is.
Really Really Dumb Fresher : Guy who follows the Senior to the canteen.
Ragging : The unfortunate fate of the previous idiot.
Evasive Action : Watch the juniors when any Seniors come nearby. (No one runs faster than a fresher. NO ONE.)
Year Drop : Makes Dad homicidal.
Rereviewuation : Cruel joke... (Results of review come after you give the KT Examination. ).
Principal : Biggest idiot on campus. Unfortunately, also the most powerful idiot on campus.
Lectures : Waste of time.
Tutions : What you take when you don't waste enough time.
Professor : Person paid to put students to sleep. |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 5:16 am |
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| Saturday, 14 July 2007 |
| RENAULT :The FUTURE Car |
FLUENCE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSIMENS IONS
Overall length 4,600 mm
Width exc. wing mirrors 1,890 mm
Height 1,390 mmWheel base 2,750 mm
Front overhang 920 mm
Rear overhang 960 mm
Ground clearance 200 mm
Weight 1,500 kg
POWERTRAIN
Engine Euro 4-compliant 3.5 litre V6 24V petrol enginePower 206kW / 280hp power rating and 365Nm maximum torqueGearbox Six-speed automatic transmission with sequential controlPerformance 0-100kph in 6.5 seconds
TRANSMISSIONS
Drive Front-wheel drive with transverse engine layoutWheels 22’’ rimsTyres Specific Michelin PAX 245-710 / R560 tyres
PARTNERS
Valeo Twin-strip LED headlamps that light upas the steering angle changesMichelin Front and rear tyres with different treadfor better under-steer controlMontupet Lightweight alloy rims with suction fins to reduce dragRecaro Seats allowing optimal entry and exit, and personalized comfortthrough adjustable lateral seat supports for the back and cushion.
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| posted by The Key For Succes @ 9:28 am |
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| Thursday, 12 July 2007 |
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| posted by The Key For Succes @ 10:18 am |
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| Most Amazing Picture's Ever Seen.........!!!!!! |
~~~~~~..............AMAZING......!!!!!!!!!!!!
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| posted by The Key For Succes @ 10:05 am |
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| Laugh A Life |
A True Software Engineer.....
 INDIAN Spider Ganesh........
The Shadow Of Garbage........  Evolution Of Bill Gates..........
 Evolution Of Agassi...........!!! (Tennis Player)
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| posted by The Key For Succes @ 9:54 am |
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| Tuesday, 10 July 2007 |
| Rescue The EARTH From Global Warming.........!!!! |
In 1827 the French physicist Joseph Fourier has assumed that the atmosphere of the ground carries out function some kind of glasses in a hothouse: air passes solar heat, not giving it to evaporate back in space. And it was right.
Scientific proposals for dispose a problem of global warming have at times fantastic character, but are considered by experts seriously because can appear useful, sooner or later.
Let's see some ideas of scientists on rescue of the Earth from global warming.
Today the Earth absorbs 70 % of all radiation, which receives from the Sun, and consequently it is necessary something to think up to lower this parameter.
Astronomer Roger Ancel suggests to place around of the Earth millions lenses in diameter of 60 cm and weight few grams which will be capable to reflect solar beams. It will lead to decrease in solar radiation.
It is necessary to notice, that reduction of solar illumination on 1,6 % compensates growth of temperature on 1,75 Calvin (3 degrees of Fahrenheit).
The effect which renders dispersion of light on temperature, is observed, for example, at eruption of volcanoes when in an atmosphere the huge weight of particles and as a result the temperature gets falls.
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| posted by The Key For Succes @ 11:21 am |
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| Effective Time Saving Tips For Getting Content For Your Blog |
Blog might not be a very attractive word, but blogs are certainly a full blown force on the web today.
A blog requires regular posts. If you have ever clicked onto a blog and discovered that no one has posted to it for 18 months, how impressed were you?
To keep posting to your blog on a regular basis, you will embark on a permanent quest for post topics. But blog maintenance can get frustrating, especially during a dry spell of ideas for your particular blog.
Fast Sources of Blog Content
RSS (Real Simple Syndication) is the technology that allows content to be distributed through the internet to people who subscribe to the RSS feed. RSS feeds are plentiful, and you can subscribe to content feeds related to the subject of your blog. To find syndicated content go to news websites, other blogs, press release websites, and article directories related to your subject matter. Set up your RSS reader system to collect these feeds. Then, you can quickly scan the headlines every day to check for relevant and fresh content.
Places To Get Feeds:
PRWeb.com
PRLeap.com
Ezinearticles.com
Major news sites like CNN.com, BBC.com, etc.
Google news alerts (These can be crafted by keyword by the way.)
Subscribe to applicable/useful blogs at MySpace, Blogger, TypePad, or elsewhere
Also you can sign up for some well chosen email newsletters or ezines that cover a certain industry, interest, hobby, product line, etc. This will also give you a supply of fresh content and point you to more links and resources.
All of this will save you from excessive surfing and wasted time. And you will be continually clued in on new websites that you can choose to monitor.
Invite Someone To Write For Your Blog
A blog does not have to be a solo venture. If you encounter an expert or competent thinker and writer who shares your interests, then consider inviting that person to be a contributor to your blog. This will definitely boost your supply of content.
By initiating all or parts of these content gathering suggestions, information and commentary will start coming to you, and you will be in a position to efficiently stay on top of your subject area and compose fresh and interesting posts on a regular basis. |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 11:02 am |
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| BLOGGING 101:The Basic |
Blogging 101 is mostly about the blogging vocabulary.
To understand blogs, you need to know the terms blog, platform, domain, and web host. Once you have mastered these key elements of blogging, you can enter any conversation about blogging with confidence.
After you know what exactly a blog is, you will be on your way to passing the final exam of blogging 101.
Blog is short for weblog, which simply means a series of online posts presented in reverse chronological order.
That's all! Most blogs are text, but there are also photo blogs and video blogs. The rest of blogging 101 has to do with the technical side of things.
If you are setting up a blog, you will need a platform, a web host, and a domain. A blogging platform is a computer software program that allows you to write posts and to update your blog.
Your platform is also what you use to design the look of your blog, from color scheme to font size. The web host is sort of like the virtual file cabinet where your blog is stored. Your computer communicates with the host when you upload or edit a post. The domain is the online address of your blog, and usually ends in 'dot com'. Now that you know what a blog is, what a platform is, and what domains and hosts are, congratulate yourself!
You have passed blogging 101- The Basics.
For more info and FREE Blogging tips and videos on how to make money from Blogging, please visit: http://www.buildvre.com/Recommends/bttb2.html |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 10:38 am |
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| Advertise Your Blog OR Website FREE.....!!!!! |
Free Advertising Blog
As you know some of the best ways to get traffic to your site is through the search engines. And as you know search engines love blogs.
If you know how to use blogs you can easily get more traffic to your website just by posting your keywords in the title and having your blogs indexed.
Other ways to get traffic to your site is to use popular free traffic exchanges.
They come in many forms such as start (homepage) exchanges, safelists (opt in email ads), toolbar ads such as instantbuzz.com and forums such as the free advertising forum.
If you are looking to kill 2 birds with one stone, you can advertise for free on a new BLOG that actually allows you to place your ads for free on their site.
The reason this is good because you get all the benefits of placing your ads on a BLOG and you all get to advertise for free.
Most people would look at this as a no brainer.
Although most webmaster do not like people to advertise on the blogs, this site was made just for that.
It is free to join and thousands are flocking to this service to drive huge traffic to their sites instantly by simply posting one little ad on their home page.
Anyone looking to increase their profits should look in to Free Advertising Blog. |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 10:34 am |
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| Monday, 9 July 2007 |
| Executive Background Check........ |
In the hiring of people who will fill high or medium-level management positions, be sure that the persons are competent and trustworthy because they will be occupying high level of responsibility and will have an impact on how the company transacts on several levels. Looking for people is a great responsibility, a task that cannot be taken lightly.
Employer-employee trust counts much because of its importance to efficient business undertakings, it is important that the executives hired are trustworthy. It is seldom for someone applying for high position will lie in his or her application. Although there is the possibility because one cannot be certain on first glance that all previous experiences are real have the credentials that they claim.
It is very important to look on the background of the applicant to an executive position to assure the company to lose thousands of dollars.
Checking their references, education, and criminal record, it should be apparent whether or not an applicant is worthy of the authority granted by an executive position.
Any falsehood on a resume could be something big, and even the cleanest looking applicant can have a history of embezzlement or insider trading.
Finding anything before a problem is much easier and less costly than fixing whatever damage has already been done.Labels: A Road To Success |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 11:11 am |
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| Reason To Upgrade The VISTA |
Just like when Windows XP was released, most people did not do an immediate upgrade. You can probably upgrade to Windows Vista with a lot few problems then with XP but I would still wait a few months.
There are quite a few reasons why you should wait.
The first reason is security. There will always be a few problems and bugs with the initial release of any software product. I know there have been a few beta versions and release candidates, but there will still be bugs.
The second reason is software compatibility. You may think all your software and hardware is compatible with Windows Vista, but the vendors may not have drivers or updates ready by the time Vista comes out. I would rather wait to get a valid driver from the manufacturer then a generic driver from Microsoft.
The third reason would be the learning curve. I know this isn't a very strong reason, but there will still be a learning curve with Windows Vista. If you are comfortable with Windows XP then Vista probably will be a welcome change, but for new users or users who are not experts with Windows XP, this could be a problem.
I would recommend trying Windows Vista out in a computer store first to make sure that you want to upgrade to the latest version of Windows. Windows Vista is a welcome update, but I am going to wait at least 3 months before I upgrade my computer because of possible security and software problems.Labels: A Road To Success |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 10:25 am |
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| DANGEROUS E-mail Marketing Technique |
If your promotional emails exhibit any of the three following techniques, your marketing campaign will not achieve its full potential.
Avoid selling the product in the email
The primary goal for your email should be to build up the reader's expectation about a product; you want to pre-sell the product.
Attempt to generate some excitement and curiosity. Once you have the reader's interest, send them to the sales page for the actual sales pitch.
If you focus on creating a positive attitude towards the product, you should see more qualified people visiting the sales page. They will already have some initial interest in the product so selling to them should be much easier.
Avoid using too much hype in the email
Even if you're excited about the product, you should try to stay away from including too much hype in your pre-sell. Over hyping a product in an email will cause it to sound artificial, which will lower your clickthrough rate. You want to build up just enough interest in the product to get the reader to follow your link to the sales page.
It's ok to display genuine enthusiasm, as long as it's sincere, to prevent your email from being boring, but be sure not to over do it. You don't want your email to sound artificial in an attempt at making your wording sound more energized.
If the product you're promoting will befit your readers and you truly believe this, you should be able to convince them without useless hype.
Take the time to properly format your email
I really can't stress this enough. You may consider this to be obvious, but it's surprising how often I receive a promotional email that is full of poor grammar and spelling mistakes. These emails quickly find their way into my Deleted folder.
I think it's safe to say that everyone has access to a spell-checker these days, so take the time to use one. You should also proof-read your email several times before sending it out; even get someone else to read it through.
Discover a simple, yet powerful strategy that will ensure you're getting the highest conversions from your email marketing promotions - Email Marketing Strategy
Learn how you can find the insider scoop on the latest Internet Marketing products before you buy them!Labels: A Road To Success |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 6:54 am |
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| 10 Easy Steps To Get FREE Website TRAFFIC |
Can you ever avail of free website promotion? Is that even feasible?
Of course yes! Nowadays, your baby website can amass huge traffic in no time thanks to free website promotion.
How does this free website promotion go anyway? What are things to be done?
1. Enlist your website.
Look for the hottest Internet directories and enlist your site there. This is the easiest and most effective free website promotion tactic. Start with this step and the rest of the good things will follow.
Just don't forget to prep your website and make it all spruced up for a higher chance to get accepted in your directory of choice.
2. Know your forums.
One reason why forums are created is for free website promotion for everyone. Log in, post actively, let them know about your site in every post and you attract instant visitors right there.
3. Write a press release.
Release your writing prowess and start up a press release that advertises your site! This is a free website promotion tactic that you can do anytime. Type a brief paragraph or two and email it to your friends, colleagues, internet e-zines, newspapers and other media and massive traffic will come to you pronto!
4. Be friendly online.
Free website promotion means you need to be friendly to other webmasters. Why, you ask? So they can link you immediately! Establish contacts and never tire of link requests and exchanges.
5. Write an article.
Say, your website is about your travel agency. Write an article about the perks of traveling or the hottest travel spots in the world. On the concluding paragraph, mention your website in passing. This article works as an advertorial and doubles as a free website promotion approach.
6. Just let the whole world know about your site.
What is free website promotion without the word of mouth? Insert your website, its URL and features in daily conversations and let the good news spread from one mouth to another!
7. Make a banner ad.
Make a banner ad for your site and ask another webmaster to do the same for his site. Then swap!
8. Take up a free website promotion course online.
Yes, there are free website promotion tutorials. But don't you know that you can actually take a free website promotion course that can help you out further? Part of the free website promotion program is signing up for newsletters.
When you make a website, you need not pay anything to promote it. You just read it -- there is such a thing as free website promotion!
9. Link your website to links exchange directory, eg http://www.dillseed.net/links/ .
When you have your website, do get backlinks as to increase your ranking so as to get Free Google Organic Traffic
10. Submit articles to articles directory and link it back to your site, eg http://www.mypinkcheese.com/ Increase Traffic.Labels: A Road To Success |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 6:49 am |
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| LAPTOP Data Safety |
Basic levels of password protection on laptops are easily overcome by the experienced thief and this is causing considerable concern within the industry.
There are two things you should do:
Physical security - Don't let your laptop out of your sight. Never leave it unattended in a public place. Never leave it in the boot of your car overnight at hotels. Always use a steel cable to attach it to a firm structure when in use outside your normal environment.
Electronic security - Don't have sensitive data on a hard disk in the first place. Use a complex password and if possible second level authentication, such as a token or other device. When the laptop is on but is not being used, use the electronic lock facility to activate the password entry facility. Use a password on any screensaver.
That takes some account of security for the laptop, but with attached devices such as SD cards and USB pen-drives the situation is different:
Anyone stealing the SD Card or Pen-drive can read the data on any computer loaded with similar software. This is clearly a point of vulnerability; the best method to protect this type of device is to encrypt it so that it is useless without the decrypt key.
This protection is not the expensive option it used to be, with open source software freely available. The best of these encrypt and decrypt on the fly and are transparent to the authorised but render the device useless to the thief and in may cases appear to be a blank device.
ISO27001 and Laptop SecurityLabels: A Road To Success |
| posted by The Key For Succes @ 6:43 am |
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